AI Automation Tools

Top AI tools boosting productivity through seamless automation and smart integrations.

The game's changing, isn't it?

If you're like me, you've probably spent countless hours trying to keep up with work tasks, whether it's managing emails, organizing projects, or even handling customer inquiries. The manual grind can feel like it's endless.

Seriously, who has the time for all that?

That's where AI automation tools come into play. Imagine having a digital assistant that's not just good, but incredible at taking the repetitive tasks off your plate. I mean, who wouldn’t want that?

Intrigued yet?

These AI tools are not only smart but also designed to think and adapt. From automating workflows to personalizing customer interactions, they can do it all. Let's dive in and explore some of the best AI automation tools that could make your life significantly easier.

The best AI Automation Tools

  1. 121. Cal.ai for automate scheduling tasks

  2. 122. Sheet Copilot for automate expense reports

  3. 123. Jurny for streamlined property management

  4. 124. E42 for automating invoice processing

  5. 125. Extend for automate invoice processing

  6. 126. Agile Loop for automate e-invoice dispatch

  7. 127. Magik Kraft for automating smart home appliances

  8. 128. Metaspark for automate data entry tasks

  9. 129. Prst.ai for effortless workflow automation

  10. 130. Jamix for generates task automation

  11. 131. KonnectzIT for streamlined workflow integration

  12. 132. Succeed Ai for automate repetitive macos tasks

  13. 133. Tonkean for automate manual invoicing tasks

  14. 134. Noa.tech for streamline routine task automation

  15. 135. Quandri for automate insurance document management

1007 Listings in AI Automation Tools Available

121 . Cal.ai

Best for automate scheduling tasks

Cal.ai is an AI scheduling assistant tool designed to assist users in managing their schedules more efficiently. This tool automates tasks such as booking meetings, rescheduling events, and determining participants' availability using AI technology. Users can interact with the AI assistant by sending simple commands through email, allowing for streamlined scheduling processes. Cal.ai also offers features like providing a transcription and summary of Cal video meetings. It aims to simplify scheduling by automating various tasks and providing alternative meeting time suggestions. Additionally, Cal.ai is part of the larger Cal.com ecosystem, which aims to connect individuals through calendar scheduling by 2031.

Pricing

Paid plans start at $15/month and include:

  • Unlimited event types
  • Google Calendar
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • CalDav
  • Cal Video
  • Zoom.us
Pros
  • Cal.ai is an AI scheduling assistant that simplifies the scheduling process by automating tasks and providing suggestions for alternative meeting times.
  • Users can claim a personal Cal.ai email address with a scheduling link from cal.com.
  • The tool enables users to forward emails to their AI assistant for scheduling and rescheduling tasks.
  • Cal.ai offers features like finding the availability of other people and providing transcription and summary of Cal Video meetings.
  • The tool aims to offload the burden of scheduling by automating tasks and streamlining the scheduling process.
  • It is user-friendly and intuitive, allowing users to interact with the AI assistant through simple email commands.
  • Cal.ai leverages AI technology to make scheduling more efficient and help users manage their time effectively.
  • Different pricing plans are available, including enterprise options, along with documentation, a blog, and customer support for users.
  • Part of the Cal.com ecosystem aiming to connect a billion people through calendar scheduling by 2031.
  • Cal.ai simplifies the scheduling process by automating tasks and providing suggestions for alternative meeting times
  • Users can claim a personal cal.ai email address which comes with a scheduling link from cal.com
  • Enables users to forward emails to their AI assistant for scheduling and rescheduling tasks
  • Offers features like finding the availability of other people and providing a transcription and summary of Cal video meetings
  • Designed to be user-friendly and intuitive, allowing users to interact with their AI assistant through email commands
  • Aims to make scheduling more efficient and help users manage their time effectively by leveraging AI capabilities
Cons
  • No specific cons or missing features were mentioned for Cal.ai in the provided documents.
  • No cons available in the provided information.

122 . Sheet Copilot

Best for automate expense reports

Sheet Copilot is an innovative tool categorized under Automation Tools. It is designed to boost productivity by automating tasks in Google Sheets through the use of artificial intelligence. This tool is currently available for free during its beta phase, offering users a user-friendly experience that seamlessly integrates with Google Sheets. Users can easily add Sheet Copilot to their Google Sheets and access tutorial resources to fully utilize its capabilities. The tool is equipped with features such as task automation, artificial intelligence-powered operations, easy integration, and instructional videos to enhance user experience efficiently .

Pros
  • Run on Autopilot: Automate repetitive tasks within Google Sheets.
  • AI-Powered: Use artificial intelligence to efficiently complete tasks.
  • Free in BETA: Access the full functionality without any cost during the beta period.
  • Easy Integration: Simple setup that allows you to add to Google Sheets swiftly.
  • Instructional Video: Learn to use Sheet Copilot through a comprehensive tutorial video.
Cons
  • No cons were identified in the provided information.

123 . Jurny

Best for streamlined property management

Jurny is an AI and automation integrated platform that aims to revolutionize the hospitality industry by providing a comprehensive property management solution for short-term rentals. The platform features advanced AI named "Nia" to automate guest communication, review management, and content creation. Jurny simplifies operations by integrating top providers and offering customizable plans tailored to different needs.

Pricing

Paid plans start at $29/month and include:

  • Property Management System
  • Airbnb Connect
  • Channel Management
  • Guest Mobile App
  • Nia AI
  • Zapier (integration only)
Pros
  • One-Stop Property Management Solution
  • Guest Mobile App
  • Jurny's AI Nia
  • Integrated Service Providers
  • Customizable plans
Cons
  • Monthly price may not align with the perceived value provided
  • Limited integration options with other tools beyond Zapier
  • Missing features compared to other AI tools in the industry
  • May not offer as advanced dynamic pricing features as some competitors
  • Possible limitations in guest screening functionalities
  • Custom plans for larger properties may be costly compared to alternatives
  • Potential complexity in setting up and using the platform
  • Relatively new platform without established long-term user feedback
  • Uncertainty about long-term reliability and scalability
  • Lack of comprehensive support documentation or resources
  • Limited integration with Zapier only
  • No specific information on customer support quality
  • Possible limitations in customization options
  • Pricing may not justify value for money compared to other AI tools in the industry

124 . E42

Best for automating invoice processing

E42 is an AI and NLP-powered Cognitive Process Automation platform that empowers enterprises with AI co-workers designed to automate processes across functions. It allows for the deployment of AI co-workers such as AI Recruiters, Customer Care Executives, and Accounts Payable Executives, which can work in harmony with employees to boost productivity and experience while reducing costs. E42 aims to simplify the process by not requiring technical experts to leverage intelligent automation, enabling businesses to achieve improved productivity, enhanced user experiences, and cost savings. The platform offers seamless integration, robust security measures, and a strong partner network to facilitate enhanced efficiency and sustainable growth for clients.

Pros
  • Automation for all enterprise functions
  • High data security standards
  • Works alongside human workforce
  • Boosts productivity
  • Promotes cost savings
  • Tailored models for each business
  • Promotes community collaboration
  • Committed to ESG considerations
  • Easy to use, no tech expertise needed
  • Can automate complex tasks
  • Supports various industry sectors
  • Includes invoice processing, n-way matching, GL code mapping
  • Intelligent handling of tasks
  • On-premise language model possibility
  • Supports end-to-end automation
Cons
  • Lack of customization details
  • No stated integration with CRM systems
  • No free trial mentioned
  • Complex setup potentially
  • Lack of detail on model training
  • Data privacy concerns
  • Data verification not mentioned
  • Unclear model retraining process

125 . Extend

Best for automate invoice processing

Extend is an AI-powered tool designed for enterprises to enhance workflows through the extraction and automation of unstructured data like documents, images, and emails. It provides capabilities for data extraction, classification, analysis, and question-answer functionalities. Extend supports the extraction of various data types from sources such as PDFs, CSVs, XLSX files, images, and handwritten notes. The tool automates workflows by integrating AI tools with business logic and validations, allowing users to create custom workflows that mimic internal operations without the need for engineering resources.

Furthermore, Extend ensures data security by encrypting data, complying with SOC2 policies, maintaining audit logs, granting granular permissions, and implementing custom data retention policies. It does not utilize data for training and integrates with Azure OpenAI instances for additional protection. The tool also features a 'confidence scoring' function to gauge extraction accuracy and a 'human-in-the-loop' feature for manual review and validation of data.

Extend is also praised for its intelligent data extraction, customization of workflows, no-code modules for easy optimization, and the ability to handle unstructured data effectively. It is designed to have enterprise-ready features like on-premises deployment, compliance with SOC2 policies, and integration with various applications like API, Email, and GDrive. AI plays a central role in Extend, empowering its intelligent tools for workflow enhancement and data handling.

Pros
  • Intelligent data extraction
  • Processes various unstructured data
  • Data extraction, classification, analysis
  • Question-and-Answer functionalities
  • Builds end-to-end solutions
  • Custom autopilot workflows
  • Requires no engineering resources
  • Built-in confidence scoring
  • Human-in-the-loop flows
  • Supports PDFs, CSVs, XLSX files
  • Supports images, handwritten notes
  • On-prem deployment
  • SOC2 policies compliance
  • Robust data protection measures
  • Data encryption
Cons
  • No support for plain text
  • No API mentioned
  • No mobile application
  • Complex for non-tech users
  • Not compatible with all cloud providers
  • Unclear third-party application integrations
  • No multi-language support mentioned
  • Lack of training on tool
  • Specific on-prem deployment
  • Lack of training on the tool

126 . Agile Loop

Best for automate e-invoice dispatch

Agile Loop is an automation tool categorized under Automation Tools. It is an operating system (AL OS1) built on a Foundation Large Action Model, allowing users to deploy AI Agents through human language commands to automate tasks on any software interface. This tool aims to bridge the communication gap between humans and machines, enabling quick task execution and automation. For example, it can drastically reduce the time taken to create and send an e-invoice, completing the process in under 1 minute compared to the previous 37 minutes without Agile Loop.

127 . Magik Kraft

Best for automating smart home appliances

MagikKraft Overview:

MagikKraft is an AI-powered platform categorized under Automation Tools, offering users the ability to customize sequences and actions for programmable devices like drones, automated appliances, and self-driving vehicles. The platform enables users to create personalized sequences, test them virtually in a simulation environment, and then deploy them in real-world scenarios. Key features of MagikKraft include customized device control, sequencing for programmable devices, a virtual testing environment, and real-time sequence fine-tuning. It also offers exclusive early access, a wide range of possibilities for customization, and compatibility with various applications like choreographing drone shows and automating home appliances. MagikKraft prioritizes user privacy and creativity, empowering users to simplify complex device controls without the need to modify the original functionalities of the devices.

If you have any further questions or need additional information, feel free to let me know!

Pros
  • Customized device control
  • Sequencing for programmable devices
  • Virtual testing environment
  • Real-time sequence fine-tuning
  • Easy deployment procedure
  • Doesn't interfere with original functionalities
  • Enhanced privacy measures
  • Exclusive early access
  • Wide range of possibilities
  • Can choreograph drone shows
  • Suitable for automated home appliances
  • Compatible with self-driving vehicles
  • Non-destructive to existing code
  • Empowers user creativity
  • Simplifies complex device controls
Cons
  • No mobile interface
  • No multi-device synchronization
  • Compatibility issues unspecified
  • Alpha, Beta access waitlisted
  • Lacks community-based recipe sharing
  • Doesn't support all devices
  • Real-world sequence execution unspecified
  • Lacks advanced functionalities

128 . Metaspark

Best for automate data entry tasks

MetaSpark is an innovative project management tool that utilizes AI technology to automate administrative tasks, providing project managers with the ability to create work execution plans with precision and efficiency. The platform offers features such as generating detailed project plans, automatic task lists creation, intuitive goal tracking visualization, extensive integrations with popular platforms, centralizing task management, and streamlining documentation processes with AI Driven Documents. MetaSpark aims to revolutionize project management by empowering users with AI-driven capabilities that save time and enhance productivity.

Pricing

Paid plans start at $5/Month and include:

  • 50 AI Requests / month
  • Up to 5 Boards
  • Share with 1 User
  • 5 Goals
  • 5 Column Types
  • Workforce Insights
Pros
  • Generates detailed project plans
  • Automatic task lists creation
  • Auto-generates notes
  • Improves accuracy
  • Improves efficiency
  • Intuitive goal tracking visualization
  • Extensive built-in integrations
  • Data aggregation across applications
  • Centralized task management
  • Analyzes project data
  • Generates expert documentation instantly
  • Reclaims work time
  • Automates administrative tasks
  • Integrates with JIRA
  • Integrates with Salesforce
Cons
  • Can be overly complex
  • Too many integrations
  • Lack of offline functionalities
  • Potential data privacy concerns
  • Limited access control features
  • Reliance on third-party platforms
  • Advanced features might be overwhelming

129 . Prst.ai

Best for effortless workflow automation

Prst.ai is a self-hosted AI automation tool designed to optimize and manage AI tools within products. It features intuitive no-code prompt management, custom pricing rules, and validation of prompt generation outcomes. Users can connect to any AI tool through a flexible API and UI, ensuring seamless integration. The tool also provides data management, security features like sentiment analysis, customizable feedback components, and the ability to attach prompt libraries and connectors. Prst.ai is suitable for enterprise-level setups and offers comprehensive customer support.

In terms of pricing plans, prst.ai offers a free version with limited features, an online SaaS version for $49.99 per month with limited features, and an enterprise self-hosted version with negotiable pricing for unlimited features. Users can choose a plan based on their specific requirements.

The 'no-code prompt management' feature in prst.ai enables users to customize prompts effortlessly without the need to write any code, simplifying the management of AI tools and allowing for easy customization based on individual needs.

Users can connect their own AI tools to prst.ai using its flexible API and UI, allowing them to define, execute, and organize AI tools based on different factors such as models and proxy parameters.

Prst.ai provides comprehensive customer support, including different service level agreements (SLAs) and learning courses based on the chosen package, to ensure a smooth onboarding experience for teams.

The tool offers sentiment analysis as part of its features, allowing users to create visually appealing embedded elements for collecting feedback and gaining actionable insights from user sentiment.

One of the key elements of prst.ai is its 'self-hosted' feature, granting users complete control over their data. This includes the ability to manage and secure data with a self-hosted solution, ensuring data integrity and security.

Pros
  • Self-hosted automation tool
  • No-code prompt management
  • Custom pricess based on API usage
  • Easy data management
  • Flexible API and UI
  • Sentiment analysis
  • Customizable Feedback Components
  • Prompt libraries and connectors attachment
  • A/B testing for prompt versions
  • Enterprise-level setup
  • Free forever option
  • GDPR, SOC, and CCPA compliant
  • Different user roles creation
  • Comprehensive customer support
  • Secure authentication and REST API execution
Cons
  • Self-hosted might limit accessibility
  • No explicit mobile support
  • Separate installation required
  • No-code feature limits customizability
  • Dependent on third-party tools
  • Custom prices may escalate
  • Complexity for non-technical users
  • Only flexible API/UI connection
  • Limited role-based access in SaaS
  • Enterprise package may be expensive

130 . Jamix

Best for generates task automation

Jamix is an automation tool designed to optimize work operations and secure company data by consolidating and searching across a company's applications and data files. It can quickly answer queries and provide sources for validation of obtained information. Additionally, Jamix can search across work apps, automate daily tasks, perform AI-initiated actions, generate content similar to AI systems like ChatGPT, and secure company data by using encryption and limiting access to authorized personnel only. Jamix is actively working towards achieving SOC 2 Compliance, encourages user feedback to enhance services, adopts an interactive communication approach, and can be used for brainstorming ideas and handling tasks like filing issues, but it is not explicitly stated that it can entirely replace a task manager. Jamix can find various files and information from your data and is currently offered for free, with plans to implement charges in the future with advanced notice to users before any changes are made.

Pros
  • Optimizes work operations
  • Secures company data
  • Consolidates applications and data files
  • Fast query response
  • Data source validation
  • Minimizes app-switching
  • Automates repetitive tasks
  • Initiates actions in apps
  • Generates content
  • Strict data handling measures
  • Restricted access
  • SOC 2 Compliance in-progress
  • Interactive communication
  • User feedback encouraged
  • Enhances services
Cons
  • No socio-technical systems integration
  • Limited automation capabilities
  • Lack of multilingual support
  • Complex interface
  • Limited app integrations
  • No offline availability
  • Doesn't support multi-device syncing
  • Dependent on company data
  • Limited assistance scope
  • Relies on user feedback

131 . KonnectzIT

Best for streamlined workflow integration

KonnectzIT is an automation tool that simplifies app integration by effortlessly connecting software applications, automating workflows, and driving operational efficiency. It allows users to focus on growing their businesses by automating tasks without the need for coding. KonnectzIT offers features such as a Visual Connect Builder for connecting apps without code, over 1000 app integrations, conditional logic for building advanced automations, and webhooks for capturing data seamlessly. Users can create unlimited workflows to eliminate manual effort and streamline work processes with flexibility. Additionally, KonnectzIT provides resources to help users get started, including free lessons, access to automation experts, and a community of satisfied customers. The platform also offers different pricing plans to suit various team needs, including a free forever plan with basic features and the option to upgrade or downgrade plans at any time. Overall, KonnectzIT empowers users to select, connect, and automate their workflows efficiently and effectively.

Pros
  • Automate Your Tasks - within minutes
  • Unleash the power of automation and simplify work with KonnectzIT
  • Integration with over 10,000 customers already using it
  • Connects with CRM to AI Tools
  • Visual Connect Builder for easy app connections
  • 1000+ App Integrations available
  • Advanced automations with Conditional Logic
  • Webhooks for seamless data capture
  • Experience convenient and hassle-free work style
  • Resource to help get started with rich features and lessons
  • Consultation with certified experts available
  • Join 1000s of Satisfied Customers
  • Great Features and Flexibility
  • No code needed for integration
  • Handles data transfer and actions effectively
Cons
  • No information available on cons of using Konnectzit.
  • No specific cons or drawbacks were mentioned in the provided information.

132 . Succeed Ai

Best for automate repetitive macos tasks

Succeed AI is an API designed to enhance productivity specifically for MacOS users. It allows users to streamline daily tasks by making requests through their keyboards and receiving instant text updates. This automation tool is focused on time-efficiency and aims to prevent context-switching, ultimately saving users time on both simple and complex tasks.

The system ensures user data protection by securely sending data through a secure proxy API using encrypted protocols, without saving any data. This process is in place to prioritize privacy and data security for users of Succeed AI. The cost of a regular monthly membership for Succeed AI is $25, covering all AI API costs including updates to their AI model. Users do not need to pay separately for OpenAI/MistralAI API costs, making it a convenient and cost-effective productivity tool.

Pricing

Paid plans start at $25/month and include:

  • Regular monthly subscription
  • All AI API costs included
  • AI model updates included
  • Secure data transmission
  • Data protection priority
  • No additional API costs
Pros
  • Designed for MacOS
  • Streamlines user tasks
  • Keyboard-based operation
  • Time-efficiency for tasks
  • Prevents context-switching
  • Intuitive user experience
  • Secure data transmission
  • Encrypted protocol use
  • No data saved
  • Privacy ensured
  • Task automation feature
  • Potential time savings
  • Helps reduce shallow work
  • Caters to MacOS users
  • Consistent tool updates
Cons
  • Only compatible with macOS
  • Regular monthly subscription
  • No free plan available
  • No version for Windows, Android, or iOS
  • Dependent on secure proxy API
  • Keyboard-only operations
  • Updates tied to subscription
  • Potentially costly for businesses
  • Limited user base

133 . Tonkean

Best for automate manual invoicing tasks

Tonkean Invoicesgpt is an automation tool that allows teams to supplement manual business practices and automate them without the need for extensive involvement of business technology. Users can experiment, take risks, and see immediate ROI and benefits through the automation of processes using Tonkean's no-code capabilities. The platform has been particularly praised for streamlining processes, increasing efficiency, reducing cycle times, and allowing teams to achieve more with fewer resources. Testimonials from users highlight the significant impact Tonkean has had on transforming complex processes at an enterprise scale, leading to substantial cost savings and operational efficiencies.

Tonkean's focus on providing a user-friendly experience with powerful AI and personalized features, along with its emphasis on no-code automation, has attracted enterprises looking to increase legal efficiency and spend management. The platform offers an Orchestration Platform with various capabilities, unlimited workflows, connectors, data, and automation options tailored to specific use cases. Additionally, the pricing model is designed to accommodate different needs with options such as Monthly Tracked Users (MTUs) and various deployment and service choices. Tonkean also offers hosting options, including Tonkean-hosted multi-tenant and additional options for Enterprise plans at an extra cost.

Overall, Tonkean Invoicesgpt is positioned as a valuable automation tool for enterprises seeking to optimize processes, improve efficiency, and reduce operational costs through innovative no-code automation solutions. It focuses on empowering teams to be more productive, innovative, and successful while streamlining complex processes and achieving significant cost savings.

Pros
  • Supplement certain business practices that have been done manually and automate them
  • No need to involve business technology, can take risks and try things out with no code behind the scenes
  • Can see the ROI and benefit right off the bat
  • Create a process experience that works
  • Increase adoption
  • Reduce costs
  • Ensure compliance
  • Transform internal processes with powerful AI and personalized experience
  • Can increase spend under management by 50% with ProcurementWorks
  • Can increase legal efficiency by 2X with LegalWorks
  • Taken cycle time from 19 days to 10, dramatically reduced time to sift through orders
  • Created efficiency allowing teams to do more with less
  • Empowers operations team to be innovative while reducing change management
  • Can save millions of dollars from removing time-consuming manual tasks and eliminating one-off solutions
  • No-code platform offering unlimited workflows, connectors, data, and automation
Cons
  • No specific cons or missing features related to Tonkean Invoicesgpt were found in the provided documents.

134 . Noa.tech

Best for streamline routine task automation

NOA.tech is a provider of Automation as a Service, focusing on delivering customized business automation solutions, efficient end-to-end process execution, and advanced AI technology. They offer tailored web-based tools, data optimization services, and automation to help businesses increase productivity by eliminating routine tasks and leveraging technology tailored to their specific needs. NOA's AI technology plays a crucial role in enhancing business automation by automating processes, providing data analysis, and developing custom digital assistants to support specific business requirements. The company's goal is to empower employees, reduce costs, enable advanced scalability, and drive data-driven innovation within organizations.

Pros
  • Bespoke web-based tools
  • Advanced data optimization services
  • Efficient end-to-end process execution
  • Tailored tech solutions
  • Tools integrate into infrastructure
  • User-friendly tools
  • Sophisticated setups for data analysis
  • Operational guidance
  • Digital assistants for specific needs
  • Enhances automated processes
  • Increases efficiency in organizations
  • Automated task execution
  • Custom web-based tools
  • Lightweight tools seamless integration
  • Data potential unlocking
Cons
  • Bespoke design may hinder scalability
  • Exclusively web-based tool limitation
  • Potential lack of pre-built tools
  • Possibly costly due to customization
  • Non-mentioned multi-language support
  • Lack of clear pricing structure
  • Integration compatibility not specified
  • No stated support for mobile
  • Service continuity not mentioned
  • Custom design can prolong delivery

135 . Quandri

Best for automate insurance document management

Quandri is an automation tool that specializes in creating digital workers, also known as bots, to automate repetitive and time-consuming procedures for insurance brokerages. These digital workers are designed to review renewals, manage documents, and download data, aiming to reduce the risk of human error and enhance productivity within insurance operations.

The key features of Quandri's digital workers include the ability to review renewals, manage documents, and conduct data downloads. They offer time-saving and error-reducing capabilities while leveraging advanced automation and AI integration into existing systems.

Quandri's digital workers are suitable for handling tasks such as document management, renewal reviewing, and systematic data downloading within insurance brokerages. By automating these processes, Quandri's digital workers free up human workers to focus on more value-added tasks, ultimately increasing overall efficiency and productivity.

Quandri aims to enhance efficiency in insurance brokerages by automating repetitive and time-consuming tasks, significantly improving productivity while reducing the risk of human error. The deployment of advanced automation and AI features results in an impressive achievement of 80% average cost savings per process and a 95% process completion rate.

Pros
  • Cost-effective automation solution
  • Tailored digital workers
  • Easily deployable into systems
  • Efficiency Enhancement
  • Reduces human error probability
  • Accelerates processes 10x
  • 95% process completion rate
  • Adaptable to existing technology
  • Solves high volume repetitive processes
  • Predictability in workflow
  • Reliability boost
  • Freeing resources for value tasks
  • Digital workforce as growth solution
  • Positive ROI with every bot
  • 80% average cost savings
Cons
  • Specialized in insurance industry
  • Focused on repetitive tasks
  • Limited scope of automation
  • Possible overdependence on bots
  • Undefined bot error handling
  • No mention of security
  • No multi-industry application
  • Potential issues with system integration
  • Limited user customization
  • Potential for employment displacement